Martin Luther
- Born:
- November 10, 1483, Eisleben, Holy Roman Empire
- Died:
- February 18, 1546, Eisleben, County of Mansfeld, Holy Roman Empire
- Nationality:
- German
- Profession(s):
- Theologian, Professor, Priest, Reformer
Early Life and Education
- Born to Hans and Margarethe Luder.
- Received a Master of Arts degree from the University of Erfurt in 1505.
- Entered the Augustinian monastery in Erfurt in 1505.
- Ordained to the priesthood in 1507.
- Earned a doctorate in theology from the University of Wittenberg in 1512.
Career and Major Achievements
- Professor of Biblical Theology at the University of Wittenberg.
- Posted his Ninety-Five Theses on the door of the Wittenberg Castle Church on October 31, 1517, initiating the Protestant Reformation.
- Excommunicated by Pope Leo X in 1521.
- Declared an outlaw by the Edict of Worms in 1521.
- Translated the New Testament into German (published in 1522), making it accessible to a wider audience.
- Married Katharina von Bora in 1525.
- Authored numerous theological treatises and hymns.
- His teachings profoundly impacted the development of Western Christianity and culture.
Notable Works
- Ninety-Five Theses (1517)
- On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church (1520)
- To the Christian Nobility of the German Nation (1520)
- On the Freedom of a Christian (1520)
- German Translation of the Bible (New Testament 1522, Complete Bible 1534)
- Small Catechism (1529)
- Large Catechism (1529)
Legacy and Impact
Martin Luther's actions ignited the Protestant Reformation, irrevocably altering the religious and political landscape of Europe. His theological contributions and translations of the Bible had a lasting impact on the development of Protestantism and the German language.
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